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Bile duct carinoma (Cholangiocarcinoma)
It is an oncological disease originated bile ducts which providing reaching of the bile secreted by the liver the small intestine. It is a rarely seen type of cancer that is more common in people over 50 years of age, despite the occurrence of the pancreatic cancer at any age.
Bile duct carcinoma is divided into different types according to the occurrence places:
- Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma occurs in some parts of the intrahepatic bile ducts and is sometimes classified as the hepatic cancer.
- Hilar cholangiocarcinoma is revealed on the bile ducts outside the liver. This type is also called as perihilar cholangiocarcinoma.
- Distant cholangiocarcinoma is observed in a part of the bile duct located near the small intestine.
The cholangiocarcinoma is a type of tumor difficult to treat.
Symptoms
The symptoms of the cholangiocarcinoma are as following:
- Jaundice in skin and eyes
- Intensive itching
- Fatigue
- Stomachache
- Unwanted weight loss
When to see a doctor?
If you have any of the symptoms such as persistent fatigue, abdominal pain, jaundice or any other symptoms that may trouble you, certainly seek medical advice.
Causes
Cells in the bile ducts can cause the cholangiocarcinoma when they are subjected to changes (mutations) in their DNA (material giving instructions on each chemical process in your body). As a result, cells begin to go out of control and cancer cells grow and spread around. It is not clear exactly what causes genetic mutations that cause cancer
Risk factors
Factors that may increase the risk of cholangiocarcinoma are:
- Primary sclerosing cholangitis: This disease leads to hardening and scarring of the bile ducts.
- Chronic hepatic disease. Chronic liver dysfunction caused by chronic hepatic disease increases the risk of cholangiocarcinoma. Gall bladder problems are present from birth. People born with cysts causing dilated and irregular bile ducts have a risk of cholangiocarcinoma.
- Liver parasites: In Southeast Asian regions, cholangiocarcinoma is associated with liver parasitic infection, which may occur in eating raw or undercooked fish.
- Age: Cholangiocarcinoma is observed commonly in people over 50 years of age.
- Smoking increases the risk of cholangiocarcinoma
Prevention
There is no way to prevent the bile duct cancer. However, some things can be done individually.
- Stop smoking if you smoke. Smoking is associated with the risk of cancer. If you tried to give up smoking but failed in the past, consult your doctor about other alternatives.
- Reduce the risk of hepatic disease. Chronic hepatic disease is associated with an increased risk of bile duct cancer. It is not possible to prevent the causes of some liver diseases. What can I do to protect your liver? For example, don’t be a heavier alcohol user to reduce the risk of liver inflammation (cirrhosis).
- If you work with chemicals, follow the safety instructions.
- It is noted that the use of aspirin helps to reduce the risk of fever. However, there is a need to carry out more investigations to be sure on the reliability of long-term use of aspirin for the prevention of the bile duct carcinoma.
Surgical Treatment
If the disease is limited and not spread to other parts of the body, reliable removal by surgical intervention gives positive results. In addition, chemotherapy and radiotherapy may also be added after the operation.
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